Gastrointestinal Manifestations of Parkinson’s Disease Survey of the Recent Literature

Abstract

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder primarily characterized by motor symptoms such as bradykinesia, rigidity, rest tremor, and postural instability. However, visceral- symptoms are also a significant part of the disease spectrum, with gastrointestinal (GI) manifestations being among the most common and debilitating. This review is one of the recent literature on the gastroenterological manifestations of PD. This includes dysphagia, esophageal motility disorders, gastroparesis, constipation, pelvic floor dyssynergia, nausea and vomiting, contraindicated medications, and SIBO[small intestine bacterial overgrowth].