Experimental Reconstruction of Critical Size Defects of Bone Tissue in the Maxillofacial Region When Using Modified Chitosan

Authors

  • Bolshakov Igor Professor, Department Operative Surgery and Topographic Anatomy Professor V F Voyno-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Russia
  • Levenets Anatoly Professor, Department Surgical Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery Professor V F Voyno-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Russia
  • Furtsev Taras Professor, Department Prosthetic Dentistry Professor V F Voyno-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Russia
  • Kotikov Alikhan Assistant Professor, Department Pathological Anatomy, Krasnoyarsk Clinical Regional Hospital, Russia
  • Patlataya Nadezhda Assistant, Department of Operative Surgery and Topographic Anatomy, Voronezh State Medical University named after N N Burdenko, Russia
  • Ryaboshapko Ekaterina Dentistry Student, Professor V F Voyno-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University Matveeva, Natalya, Russia
  • Dmitrienko Anna Dentistry Student, Professor V F Voyno-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University Matveeva, Natalya, Russia
  • Nikolaenko Matvey Dentistry Student, Professor V F Voyno-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University Matveeva, Natalya, Russia
  • Matveeva Natalia Matveeva Natalia Dmitrievna - Medical Student, Professor V F Voyno-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University Matveeva, Natalya, Russia
  • Ibragimov Ilgizar FSBI National Medical Research Center named after EN Meshalkin, Russia

Keywords:

critical size bone defect, nanomodified chitosan, atomic force microscopy, morphometry, CT-analysis

Abstract

Rationale: The authors of the article propose a biomaterial design based on highly
deacetylated chitosan, which replaces extensive bone defects. In the work, a biomaterial was
used included freeze-dried implants based on highly deacetylated and high molecular weight
chitosan, containing natural polysaccharides and inorganic nano-structural hydroxyapatite by
intervention in white laboratory rats.

Objectives: The goal is achieved due to the fact that a gel mass containing 2% chitosan
ascorbate with a molecular weight of 100-700 kDa and a degree of deacetylation of 95-98%
is introduced into large cavities. Sub-periosteal implantation of a chitosan structure into bone
defects, CT analysis, morphometric analysis of histological sections of a bone defect allow us
to reveal high efficiency in the early stages of bone reconstruction.

Findings: When using modified chitosan to fill extensive bone defects in the jawbone in
animals, the process of defect replacement occurs after 4-5 weeks with the formation of a
full-fledged new bone tissue compared to control animals. Morphological analysis of the bone
defect on the 7th day after the intervention showed signs of cancellous bone tissue formation,
two weeks later - a pronounced increase in bone tissue volume (P <0.01). In the group with
modified chitosan implantation, the amount of connective tissue formation was significantly
lower (P <0.05) compared to the control group. CT analysis showed that after 6 weeks after
the intervention, the closure of the defect by 70-80% is recorded, after 8 weeks - complete
100% closure of the defect without disturbing the morphology of the bone with a high degree
of mineralization.

Conclusions: Thus, modified chitosan is capable of eliminating bone defects of a critical size
in the maxillofacial region, detecting early signs of angiogenesis and new bone formation, and
serving as a promising material in reconstructive dentistry.

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Published

2022-03-01

Issue

Vol. 2 No. 1

Section

Articles