Effect of Antimicrobial peptides and chemicals produced by animals on Streptococcus pyogenes

Abstract

There are about 700 million infections occur annually by Streptococcus pyogenes species around the
world. Although the mortality rate of these infections does not exceed 0.1%. Among over 650 thousands
cases which are invasive and severe, their mortality rate is 25%. Certainly early diagnosis and early
treatment play an important role in severity prevention; failure of right diagnosis can lead to sepsis and
death.
Streptococcus pyogenes species infect the throat, genitalia, rectum and even skin. Among healthy
individual, there are 1% to 5% carrier of Streptococcus pyogenes infection in skin, rectum and vaginal
without appearance of any signs or symptoms. Among children, about 17% are carriers of these bacteria.
There are four methods of transmission of Streptococcus pyogenes species infection which are inhalation
of droplets, contact with contaminated objects like surfaces or dust, skin contact and rarely contaminated
food. These bacteria can cause deleterious diseases like pharyngitis rheumatic heart disease and scarlet
fever which caused by streptococcal infections. Although pharyngitis is caused mainly by viral infection,
about 15% to 30% of pharyngitis infections are streptococcal in origin. The rate of pharyngitis infection
in adult is less than children infection due to children exposure in nurseries, schools, playgrounds as well
as the low host immunity. Infection rate increases during winter time every year.
Metabolic type 1 clone is associated with Streptococcus pyogenes species infection. Mortality rate of
Streptococcus pyogenes was high in developed country especially before the penicillin era, but the rate
decreased after penicillin availability. So, the environmental factors play a vital role in streptococcal
infection. Streptococcal infections are more frequently in men rather than women. With patient with risk
factors like rheumatic heart disease, cancer, viral infections like covid-19 and flu and surgical incision,
streptococcal infection occurs to 17% to 25% of those cases. Among children; chicken pox represents an
important risk factor to increase possibility of streptococcal infection. However, 30% of people can be
infected with Streptococcus pyogenes species without any previous risk factors. Rheumatic heart disease
and scarlet fever occur after throat infection.
In this manuscript, some antimicrobial chemicals extracted from animals will be shown and their activity
against Streptococcus pyogenes species using optical density analysis technique then their minimum
inhibitory concentrations (MIC) will be determined as well as ICs 50 to measure the potency to inhibit
a biological function using programmes like Gene5, graph pad prism as well as testing antimicrobial
activity of some chemicals which are found in animal secretions.