Scheuermann's Kyphosis: Case Series and Literature Review

Abstract

Scheuermann's Kyphosis (SK) is a progressive spinal deformity characterized by abnormal thoracic curvature, with vertebral bodies displaying a wedge-shaped structure. It commonly affects adolescents during growth, leading to chronic pain, aesthetic changes, and functional limitations in severe cases. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial to prevent deformity progression and minimize long-term complications. The prevalence of SK ranges from 0.4% to 8%, with genetic and biomechanical factors thought to play a central role in its development. This study reviews the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for SK, focusing on updated guidelines from major spine societies, including the Brazilian Spine Society (SBC), North American Spine Society (NASS), and European Spine Society (ESS). The findings highlight regional differences in management strategies, with the SBC emphasizing early diagnosis and conservative treatment, the NASS advocating a multidisciplinary approach with surgical intervention for severe cases, and the ESS promoting a cautious approach with an emphasis on pain management and long-term complications prevention. Three clinical cases of surgical intervention are presented, showing successful outcomes following spinal fusion procedures. The study underscores the importance of individualized treatment, incorporating both conservative and surgical options based on the severity and progression of the deformity. Future research is needed to further refine treatment protocols and improve patient outcomes.