Biomedical and Translational Science (ISSN 2768-4911) is an open access, peer-reviewed multidisciplinary journal, aims at publishing both basic and scientific research translating discoveries for providing new and advanced patient care. The journal will provide a barrier-free forum for rapid publication and distribution of on bench and bedside research. The journal coverage includes: Cancer, Cardiovascular disease, Disease biomarkers, immunology, metabolic disorders, diabetes, neurology, diseases, policy, mental health, bioengineering, drug discovery, imaging, applied physical sciences, medical nanotechnology, drug delivery, biomarkers, gene therapy, regenerative medicine, toxicology and pharmacokinetics, data mining, cell culture, animal and human studies, medical informatics, and other interdisciplinary approaches to medicine. The journal accepts all types of articles such as research, reviews, mini-reviews, case reports, letters to the editor, and commentaries, reports, etc. providing a single forum for discussion. The journal follows strict double blind peer review process to provide unbiased recognition of the work. All the articles will be freely available online immediately after acceptance. Manuscripts could be submitted through our online portal or as directly to the editorial office as attachment to email at publications@scienceexcel.org
Right and Left-sided Valve Disease: A Case of Subclinical Intrapulmonary Shunt in an Adult with Malignant Carcinoid
Carcinoid tumors are highly differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (NET) that most commonly originate from the gastrointestinal tract. Liver metastases bypass first-pass metabolism and liberate vasoactive hormones into systemic circulation, causing flushing and diarrhea. Prolonged levels of circulating serotonin may adversely affect the heart by creating fibrotic endocardial deposits on native valves. The remaining serotonin is metabolized in the pulmonary circuit that leads to pathognomonic valvular disease isolated to the right side of the heart. We present a case of an adult male with known carcinoid syndrome who presented with involvement of right, as well as left-sided valves. He was found to have an intrapulmonary shunt on transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) with bubble study. Intrapulmonary shunt should be considered, in conjunction with right-to-left shunt, lung involvement, and high levels of serotonin, for carcinoid patients with right and left-sided valve disease
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Unusual location of tuberculosis: laryngeal form
Introduction: Tuberculosis is a specific infectious disease caused by a mycobacterium: Koch's bacillus. In Morocco, the lung’s lesion is the most common site 52%, however lymph node tuberculosis is the most frequent extrapulmonary form. Laryngeal tuberculosis is rare. We present the case of a young man with a laryngeal location. Presentation of case: A 25-years-old young man, with 10-years history of alcohol and smoking consumption, was presented to our ENT department with a permanent dysphonia and dyspnea on exertion, the patient had fever and weight loss estimated to 15 kg. Clinical examination found a cachectic patient with a 38.5 ° C of temperature, without any palpable cervical mass or lymphadenopathy. A nasofibroscopy was performed showing a right vocal cord’s lesion. We performed a cervical CT scan revealing a process of the glottic and supraglottic level. Direct laryngoscopy was performed, objectifying ulcerative mass budding from the right vocal cord. Histopathological examination revealed a tuberculoid granuloma without caseating necrosis. Discussion and conclusion: Laryngeal tuberculosis is a rare and frequently under-recognized disease. It typically affects adults in the fifth decade. Literature reports dysphonia to be the most common symptom, followed by weight loss, cough, dysphagia, and odynophagia. Direct laryngoscopy allows direct visualization of the endolaryngeal lesions and performing multiple biopsies. Histopathological examination may identify granulomatous inflammation, caseating granulomas, and acid fast bacillus. However, the presence of pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia, which mimics squamous cell carcinoma, can make the diagnosis difficult. The pharmacologic treatment is the same as for the pulmonary forms, and results are generally excellent. Surgical intervention is reserved for those cases of airway compromise.
Comparison of the major chemical constituents and antioxidant effects in Amauroderma rugosum and Ganoderma lucidum
Aging is a major risk factor for many diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, cancer and diabetes mellitus. Oxidative stress plays a key role in the aging process. Amauroderma rugosum is an edible mushroom that has rarely been studied. The aims of this study were to compare the major chemical constituents and to investigate the antioxidant effects of Amauroderma lucidum and Ganoderma lucidum. The water extract of Amauroderma lucidum contained a higher amount of total phenolic compounds than that of Ganoderma lucidum. The total polysaccharide and triterpene content in water extracts of Amauroderma rugosum and Ganoderma lucidum did not significantly differ. The water extract of Amauroderma rugosum demonstrated free radical scavenging capacity and could reduce doxorubicin-induced damage in H9c2 cardiomyoblasts. Amauroderma rugosum has stronger antioxidant and cellular protective effects than Ganoderma lucidum. Amauroderma rugosum may be beneficial in healthy aging, and further study should be encouraged.
Chinese Arts-Based Psycho-Oncology: A Translational Systemic Meta-Synthetic Perspective
Psycho-oncology is a quite new discipline in China. Related arts-based approaches significantly involve translational sciences. From a meta-theoretical and epistemological perspective both use pragmatic inferential reasoning alongside systemic meta-syntheses to scientifically substantiate practical models, here particularly for psycho-oncological treatment in clinical and public health areas. This concerns (i) pathological mental conditions as risk factors of cancer and mortality, (ii) psychiatric squeal of cancer, associated changes of the patient’s cognitive and affective states, as well as self-images and socio-cultural inclusion and (iii) mental issues of and social support for family members and caregivers of cancer patients. As concerns underlying mechanisms neuro-oncological, psycho-immunological and epigenetic findings contribute to a multimodal theoretical framework, which includes microbiological, psychological, sociocultural and aesthetic perspectives. Emphasising that efficient and individualised psycho-oncology in practice is inextricably linked with the patient’s cultural and a spiritual background, culturally sensitive psycho-oncology is regarded as an overall key principle and not only as a sub discipline. In this context, music therapy using the traditional Chinese cither Guqin as well as creative and explorative work with the patient’s voice not only provide mindful arts-based models of psycho-oncology but also encourage other cultures to explore the psycho-oncological potential of their traditional and contemporary arts.
A Novel Bioengineered Wound Product with In Vitro Capabilities to Reduce Bacteria
Introduction: When microorganisms colonize a wound, there is a continuum which extends from contamination, to colonization and infection preventing a wound from healing. Biomaterials that reduce bacteria within the wound microenvironment can help progress it towards healing. Objective: This study aims to determine the in vitro bacteria reduction capabilities of a novel, commercially available bioengineered wound product (BWP) – a synthesis of gelatin (a highly purified collagen derivative), Manuka honey, and hydroxyapatite. Materials and methods: Using a direct contact method, the BWP and negative control were inoculated with suspensions of gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria. After incubation for 30 minutes and 24 hours, recovery of viable organisms was performed. Results: There was a significant reduction (99.99%) in bacterial load recovered from the BWP at 24 hours compared to the negative control. Additionally, the BWP caused a significant reduction in bacterial load at 24 hours compared to 30 minutes (97% and 64% reduction for Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respectively). Conclusions: The significant reduction in bacterial load in vitro suggests that the product has the potential to help manage the pathogenic bioburden of a wound..
This paper advances a previous hypothesis “Human body may produces bacteria”, and proposes that some infections may be endogenous. It has been demonstrated that the Christensenellaceae, a family in the phylum Firmicutes, is heritable suggesting that human genetic material and gut bacterial material are related and human cells may generate some gut microbes It has also been shown that the fetus is exposed to bacteria prior to birth -without any evidence that they are contaminants or acquired from the environment -suggesting a possible endogenous origin of bacteria in breast milk, meconium, placenta , umbilical cord blood and amniotic fluid. Malassezia yeasts are not contagious, not culturable from the environment, cannot colonize human skin by inoculation without occlusion and neonate skin is free of Malassezia but is colonized in the first month of life suggesting that they may be endogenous. Human stem cells seem to be the most likely candidates to produce microbes: This is because they differentiate to epithelial cells and cancer cells and contain the essentials to transform to microorganisms. Future experimental studies are necessary to validate this hypothesis which : stem cells; gmay offer a new paradigm to combat opportunistic infections of possible endogenous origin.
Effect of Immunozin™ therapy on hematological and biochemical parameters of Sickle Cell Disease patients who presented with fatigue, acute bone pain, and acute chest syndrome in Nigeria
Introduction: Painful vaso-occlusive crises are frequent complications of sickle cell disease (SCD), which affects about 3% of the Nigerian population with a high mortality in children. Relevance of hematological and biochemical parameters to clinical symptoms of SCD are not often documented. Aims and Objective: This study aimed at determining the prevalence of fatigue, acute bone pains (ABP) and acute chest syndrome (ACS) and to assess the associating hematological and biochemical parameters before and after administration of ImmunozinTM. Materials and Method: This study was a double-blind, two-arm, randomized control pilot study with 30 SCD patients presenting with fatigue, acute bone pains (ABP) and ACS, each of whom was given the study agent. At the first visit, after thorough assessment of each patient had been undertaken and hematological parameters were measured, the study drug was administered to each patient accordingly. This process was repeated monthly for five more monthly visits when the study concluded. At each visit, venous blood sample was collected for hematological parameters, electrolytes, urea and creatinine analyses within 2 hours of collection. Results: Means (±sd) of age and BMI (Kg/m2 ) of the study subjects were 13.0 (5.6) and 16.1 (1.9) respectively with 26 (86.7%) of the patients underweight. At enrollment into the study, 25 (83.3%), 18 (60.0%) and 10 (33.3%) of the patients presented with ABP, fatigue and ACS respectively but at the end of study, post administration of study drug, 11 (36.7%), 8 (26.7%) and 7 (23.3%) presented with ABP, fatigue and ACS. At enrollment, females were less likely to present with moderate fatigue (χ²=2.03, P-value=0.15, OR=0.23, 95% CI: 0.05, 1.18), moderate ABP (χ²=0.09, P-value=0.77, OR=0.80, 95% CI: 0.18, 3.46) and moderate ACS (χ²=0.01, P-value=0.90, OR=0.40, 95% CI: 0.03, 4.96) compared to males. Only one patient each presented with fatigue and ABP at the end of study. The values of many hematological parameters, electrolytes, urea and creatinine significantly varied at the end of the study compared with enrollment values. A significant positive correlation (Pearson’s r=0.40, P-value=0.031) was observed between serum urea and ACS at enrollment, and astonishingly between fatigue and ABP (r=0.52, P-value=0.003) but no notable correlation between any of the clinical symptoms and other variables at the end of study. Conclusion: The significant reduction in proportion of patients with fatigue, ABP and ACS at the end of study, after administration of test drug may suggest the therapeutic consequence of the test drug among SCD patients. There is urgent need to conduct multi-center and multi-disciplinary studies to corroborate these findings.Introduction: Painful vaso-occlusive crises are frequent complications of sickle cell disease (SCD), which affects about 3% of the Nigerian population with a high mortality in children. Relevance of hematological and biochemical parameters to clinical symptoms of SCD are not often documented. Aims and Objective: This study aimed at determining the prevalence of fatigue, acute bone pains (ABP) and acute chest syndrome (ACS) and to assess the associating hematological and biochemical parameters before and after administration of ImmunozinTM. Materials and Method: This study was a double-blind, two-arm, randomized control pilot study with 30 SCD patients presenting with fatigue, acute bone pains (ABP) and ACS, each of whom was given the study agent. At the first visit, after thorough assessment of each patient had been undertaken and hematological parameters were measured, the study drug was administered to each patient accordingly. This process was repeated monthly for five more monthly visits when the study concluded. At each visit, venous blood sample was collected for hematological parameters, electrolytes, urea and creatinine analyses within 2 hours of collection. Results: Means (±sd) of age and BMI (Kg/m2 ) of the study subjects were 13.0 (5.6) and 16.1 (1.9) respectively with 26 (86.7%) of the patients underweight. At enrollment into the study, 25 (83.3%), 18 (60.0%) and 10 (33.3%) of the patients presented with ABP, fatigue and ACS respectively but at the end of study, post administration of study drug, 11 (36.7%), 8 (26.7%) and 7 (23.3%) presented with ABP, fatigue and ACS. At enrollment, females were less likely to present with moderate fatigue (χ²=2.03, P-value=0.15, OR=0.23, 95% CI: 0.05, 1.18), moderate ABP (χ²=0.09, P-value=0.77, OR=0.80, 95% CI: 0.18, 3.46) and moderate ACS (χ²=0.01, P-value=0.90, OR=0.40, 95% CI: 0.03, 4.96) compared to males. Only one patient each presented with fatigue and ABP at the end of study. The values of many hematological parameters, electrolytes, urea and creatinine significantly varied at the end of the study compared with enrollment values. A significant positive correlation (Pearson’s r=0.40, P-value=0.031) was observed between serum urea and ACS at enrollment, and astonishingly between fatigue and ABP (r=0.52, P-value=0.003) but no notable correlation between any of the clinical symptoms and other variables at the end of study. Conclusion: The significant reduction in proportion of patients with fatigue, ABP and ACS at the end of study, after administration of test drug may suggest the therapeutic consequence of the test drug among SCD patients. There is urgent need to conduct multi-center and multi-disciplinary studies to corroborate these findings.
Predetermined Interplay of the Projected Malignant Transformation Step as Injury Non- Resolution
Non-resolution of carcinogenesis is a paramount consideration in the systems of non-immunogenicity of tumor cells in general and as further projected by the infiltrating glioma cell within the brain parenchyma. In such terms, the performance dynamics for further progression are change attributes that bespeak of the systems of overlap and of interactivity of multiple pathways of pro-apoptosis and of anti-apoptosis as projected by mirrored system biology of cell component injury. It is within the single transformation phenomenon step in malignancy emergence that the pro-apoptosis projects the predetermination for non-resolution of cell component injury and as further determined by non-immunogenicity of the infiltrating glioma cells..
Severe SARS-CoV-2 infection: Mortality and comorbidities in a third level hospital in San Luis Potosi, Mexico
The high rates of hypertension, obesity and diabetes in San Luis Potosí are worrying, since it has been shown that the existence of comorbidities associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection increases the risk of mortality, however most of the evidence comes from of other populations in the world for which it is necessary other investigations that focus on the Mexican population, in this case potosine. The objective of this study is to describe the clinical and respiratory characteristics of seriously ill and deceased patients with COVID-19, in a state in northeastern Mexico. And determine comorbidities, in order to apply better measures aimed at safeguarding the population at risk. Design: prospective and observational in the same medical center. Methods: Different types of variables, such as demographic data, severity, laboratory variables, ventilatory assistance received (high-flow oxygen therapy [HFO] and invasive mechanical ventilation [IMV]), oxygenation (PaO2 , PaO2 /FiO2 ), comorbidities and complications were automatically obtained. In order to analyze the difference between medians, the Fisher test (categorical variables) and the Mann-Whitney U test were used. A value of p <0.001 was considered significant. Results: 163 patients were included (G1 = 51 [31.2%]; G2 = 92 [56.44%] and G3 = 20 [31.74%]); age 65 (52-72) years; 68% men, APACHE II 18 (15 -24); SOFA 6 (4-7); arterial hypertension (25.11%) and obesity (16.82%) were the most frequent comorbidities. HFO was used in 62.7% of the patients, 85% failed. 95% of the patients required IMV and 85% ventilation in the prone position. In the population, baseline PaO2 /FiO2 improved at the 7th day (165 [125-210] vs 194 [153-285]; p = 0.02), as in G1 (164 [125-197] vs 207 [160-294]; p = 0.07), but not in G2 (163 [95-197] vs. 135 [85-177]). The development of pneumonia associated with IMV was high. The amount of D-dimer and IL-6 was also significantly increased in patients who died on the 7th day of the study. Conclusions: The lack of improvement in PaO2 /FiO2 at the 7th day could be a prognostic marker for deterioration, as well as D-dimer and IL-6 secretion. Special attention needs to be paid to managing hypertension and diabetes in adults over 60 years of age. Which was the age group with the highest mortality. .
Potential Clinical Usefulness of CRISPR Cas9 Genome Editing in Cancer Treatment
Cancer is still considered a main challenge regarding morbidity and mortality, although an earlier diagnosis through screening programs and more effective cure modalities have led to decreased mortality rates so the development of new genetic editing techniques such as zinc finger and TALENs or CRISPRCas9 has enabled the production of strong animal genetic models that sums up the cooperating oncogenic lesions influencing genes with a confirmed role in the proliferation and formation. This review presents the mechanisms of separate genome-editing approaches and explains each of the common nucleasebased platforms.
Association between the rs8028440 polymorphism of CYFIP 1 gene in autism patients
Demonstrated no association between ASD and rs8028440 polymorphism of the CYFIP1 gene, which needs further studies in a larger population of ASD subjects to find the contribution of rs8028440 polymorphism in CYFIP1 gene with ASD in Iranian patients. Introduction: Given the importance of the Cytoplasmic FMR1 Interacting Protein 1 (CYFIP1 gene) in relation to neurodevelopmental abnormalities such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), recognizing the interaction between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of this gene in autism cases is important. In this study, we evaluated the probable association of rs8028440 polymorphism of the CYFIP1 gene with ASD disorder in Iranian subjects. Methods and patients: The CYFIP1 gene were amplified with specific primers and the PCR products were digested with RsaI restriction enzyme to obtain the rs8028440 polymorphism in 100 ASD patients and 100 healthy control cases. Finally, the samples were genotyped using direct sequencing to identify CC, CT, and TT genotypes. Results: The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium showed no significant deviation in the subjected population. According to our results, the frequency of the C allele was higher in ASD groups than in the control group. The full length of PCR was 662 bp and through RFLP‐PCR, normal genotype (C/C), heterozygote genotype (T/C), and homozygous genotype (T/T) was detected. Ten PCR products were sequenced and the corresponded alleles A/T and Y (C or T) were determined. It was revealed no significant difference was found between ASD subjects and controls with respect to the frequency of the rs8028440 gene allele.
The protective role of valsartan in the myocardial injury of diabetic rats induced by herceptin
Objective: To evaluate the protective role of valsartan in the myocardial injury of diabetic rats induced by herceptin. Method: 40 Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into control group and treatment group, 20 in each group. All the rats were faded with high sugar and high fat diet in 4 weeks, and then were given streptozotocin (STZ) by intraperitoneal injection in dose of 25mg/kg, fasting blood glucose (FBG) ≥ 16.7mmol/L as a standard of type 2 diabetes model. Two groups were given herceptin by intraperitoneal injection, 12mg/kg in the first day and then 6mg/kg in the following 6 days, but the treatment group was given valsartan by gavage before herceptin injection in dose of 10mg/kg one day, the control group was given the same dose of saline by gavage. The serum BNP were measured, echocardiogram was performed to evaluate the cardiac function before herceptin injection and after 4 weeks. Results: After 4 weeks the BNP, LVEDD, LVESD of the control group were larger than the treatment group, and the EF were smaller, and they were statistically different. Conclusion: Valsartan can alleviate myocardial injury diabetic rats induced by herceptin.
The healing effect of music in cancer patients: An Invocation to Apollo
Introduction: Music interventions are frequently used for psychosocial support in addition to surgical or pharmaceutical treatment, in patients with severe diseases. During the past two decades music therapy is incorporated in the care of cancer patients, in different stages of the disease, both during diagnosis and treatment. Aims & objectives: The aim of this study is to gain a better understanding on the psychological and physical advantages of music interventions in the treatment plans of oncological patients. Methodology: For the completion of this literature review, online searches were performed using the search engines in databases such as PubMed, Embase and Cinahl, Google scholar, in the months of February 2010 to March 2021. From the online search carried out, 70 articles were found, 18 of them were considered as eligible sources from the title and the summary presented, while the remaining 52 articles were rejected. Of these 18 articles 8 studies were isolated, having fulfilled the criteria of being eligible for inclusion in this review. The types of the 8 studies included are: 1 Cochrane review, 1 quantitative comparative study, 1 quasi-experimental study, 3 Randomized controlled trials, 1 clinical trial and 1 pilot research study and the quality of their results range from poor to good. The total number (n) of the participants in the reviewed studies is 4350. Conclusions: Music therapy supports treatment of cancer patients aiming at improving their emotional and physical well-being. However, since the results are mainly based on self-reporting tools (possibility of bias) further, more clinical research could be more enlightening in the future.
Left atrial appendage closure with device for atrial fibrillation
Atrial fibrillation is the most common observed arrhythmia in clinical practice and it represents an important risk factor for cardio-embolism and cardio-embolic stroke. Atrial fibrillation patients have a 5 fold increase in stroke events. In non-valvular atrial fibrillation over 90% of thrombus formation is within the left atrial appendage and therefore prevention of embolization to systemic circulation and in particular to cerebral circulation goes through a therapy that has the left atrial appendage as the main target. Several anatomo-pathological studies and observations during open heart surgery confirm these data and give a rational basis to this point of view.
Optical Characteristics of Overstressed Nanosecond Discharge Plasma Between An Electrode of Aluminum And Chalcopyrite (CuInSe2) In Argon, Nitrogen And Atmospheric Pressure Air
The optical characteristics and parameters of an overstressed discharge of nanosecond duration between an aluminum electrode and an electrode from chalcopyrite (CuInSe2 ) in argon, nitrogen, and air at atmospheric pressure are presented. Due to micro explosions of natural inhomogeneities on the working surfaces of electrodes in a strong electric field, both aluminum and ternary chalcopyrite vapors are introduced into the plasma, which creates the prerequisites for the synthesis of thin films of quaternary chalcopyrite (CuAlInSe2 ) outside the discharge. The pulses of voltage and current across the discharge gap of d = 1 mm and the pulsed energy contribution to the plasma are investigated. The plasma emission spectra were thoroughly studied, which made it possible to establish the main decay products of the chalcopyrite molecule and the energy states of atoms and singly charged ions of aluminum, copper and indium, which are formed in the discharge. Reference spectral lines of atoms and ions of aluminum, copper and indium have been revealed, which can be used to monitor the process of deposition of thin films of quaternary chalcopyrite in real time. The transmission spectra of radiation synthesized in the experiment by thin films, which include aluminum, copper, indium and selenium, which are components of the quaternary chalcopyrite CuAlInSe2,are presented.
A Case of Asymmetric Vertical Transmission of SARS-COV-19 in Newborn Twins
Head Injury Treatment (HIT): Protocol and Physical Therapy
Physical manifestations vary from subject to subject as well as genetic risk factors when considering traumatic brain injury (TBI)/chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) and recovery. Clinical and behavioral findings may resemble autism that appear with limited mobility and the physical experience may impact treatment. Ataxia, weakness, hemiplegia, hemiparesis are among them. Novel therapy uncovered physical correlations between subject's presentation and physicality with relief and progress when movement and sound are present and monitored during a case study of an adult male with acute head injury from blunt force trauma reported previously. Namely, the release of soft tissue trigger points relieves stress held in the regions affected through soft tissue trigger points stimuli. The occipital attachments for the extensor muscles and positive responses were noted with the stimulation of these regions with effleurage or cross fiber friction and stripping. Vertigo or nausea affecting equilibrium might present as physical displays of deviations of the ability to control balance. Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo or BPPV, vestibular migraines or Broca’s aphasia, are among other presentations affecting one's balance and need to be considered during treatment. Challenging desensitization or flooding and habituation with compensatory strategies are required to maintain safety and autonomy of daily living ADL while providing relief when other therapies fall short. One must not underestimate the commitment needed during pre-diagnosis or when diagnosing a disability of head injury by evaluating for other risk factors. This may include advanced genetic testing for potential genes that may contribute to brain injury and recovery. Brain imaging may also be required to assess the location and severity that may impact treatment approaches and recovery responses.
“Women trade sex from women in Tanzania”: findings from qualitative formative research with women who have sex with women in Dar-es- Salaam City
Recent studies indicate women are increasingly willing to pay for sex from both men and women. Most of these studies have mainly focused on the developed world and little is known about women’s willingness, reasons, and motivation to pay for sex on the African continent, the East African region and in Tanzania, in particular. We explored paid sex behaviors and practices among women who have sex with women (WSW) in Dar-es-Salaam city, Tanzania. The study was designed as a formative qualitative cross-sectional study conducted in Ilala, Kinondoni and Temeke districts in Dar-es-Salaam region. Study participants included community leaders; and WSW aged 18 years and above, who had had engaged in same-sex sex in the past year or in same-sex relationship(s), and had knowledge of WSW’s lived experiences, among other criteria. Most of the WSW participants affirmed paid sex is a common practice among them with reported reasons and motivations being more-or-less similar to those documented in other parts of the world. Findings show that commercial sex is an arena for behavioral convergences, and this calls for new pathways to comprehend (women’s) behavior, sexuality, commercial sex industry and its implications to women’s sexual and reproductive health and healthcare.
Effect of Antimicrobial peptides and chemicals produced by animals on Streptococcus pyogenes
There are about 700 million infections occur annually by Streptococcus pyogenes species around the world. Although the mortality rate of these infections does not exceed 0.1%. Among over 650 thousands cases which are invasive and severe, their mortality rate is 25%. Certainly early diagnosis and early treatment play an important role in severity prevention; failure of right diagnosis can lead to sepsis and death. Streptococcus pyogenes species infect the throat, genitalia, rectum and even skin. Among healthy individual, there are 1% to 5% carrier of Streptococcus pyogenes infection in skin, rectum and vaginal without appearance of any signs or symptoms. Among children, about 17% are carriers of these bacteria. There are four methods of transmission of Streptococcus pyogenes species infection which are inhalation of droplets, contact with contaminated objects like surfaces or dust, skin contact and rarely contaminated food. These bacteria can cause deleterious diseases like pharyngitis rheumatic heart disease and scarlet fever which caused by streptococcal infections. Although pharyngitis is caused mainly by viral infection, about 15% to 30% of pharyngitis infections are streptococcal in origin. The rate of pharyngitis infection in adult is less than children infection due to children exposure in nurseries, schools, playgrounds as well as the low host immunity. Infection rate increases during winter time every year. Metabolic type 1 clone is associated with Streptococcus pyogenes species infection. Mortality rate of Streptococcus pyogenes was high in developed country especially before the penicillin era, but the rate decreased after penicillin availability. So, the environmental factors play a vital role in streptococcal infection. Streptococcal infections are more frequently in men rather than women. With patient with risk factors like rheumatic heart disease, cancer, viral infections like covid-19 and flu and surgical incision, streptococcal infection occurs to 17% to 25% of those cases. Among children; chicken pox represents an important risk factor to increase possibility of streptococcal infection. However, 30% of people can be infected with Streptococcus pyogenes species without any previous risk factors. Rheumatic heart disease and scarlet fever occur after throat infection. In this manuscript, some antimicrobial chemicals extracted from animals will be shown and their activity against Streptococcus pyogenes species using optical density analysis technique then their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) will be determined as well as ICs 50 to measure the potency to inhibit a biological function using programmes like Gene5, graph pad prism as well as testing antimicrobial activity of some chemicals which are found in animal secretions.
Complement Activation Profiles in Patients with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Lukas Hackl
Objectives: Besides T- and B-cells also the innate immunity is playing an effective role in the pathogenesis of Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) reported in literature. The complement system (CS) is activated by the three different ways classical pathway (CP), lectin pathway (LP) and alternative pathway (AP). This is a controlled prospective observational single center study focused on the three pathways of CS and its effector, the terminal complement complex (TCC), associated with disease activity in all clinical JIA subgroups. Methods: Peripheral blood (PB) samples (n=159) of 60 JIA patients (partially also longitudinal visits) were analyzed for specific complement pathway activation (COMPL300 ELISA), complement factor H (CFH)-autoantibodies (CFHAb ELISA), and the soluble TCC (sC5b-9 ELISA) in serum (S) and EDTA plasma (P). TCC was also analyzed in synovial fluid (SF) of JIA patients (n=9) controlled with samples of healthy adults (n=12) obtained by arthroscopy (primarily gonarthrosis). As healthy controls (HC) adults (n=100) and children (n=18) without inflammatory diseases were tested. The JADAS10 defined the acute phase of the disease. Results: We compared the elevated serum TCC levels of JIA patients in the acute phase of the disease (13.32 IQR 8.09-19.48; p<0,001) with the controls' levels (7.78 IQR 4.93-10.31). Subgroup analyses showed statistically significant (s.s.) elevation in PArf+, OAper, and OAext. COMPL300 analyses revealed that JIA patients with acute disease had lower CP (82% IQR 37-97% vs 105% IQR 98-115%; p<0.001), LP (31% IQR 2-86% vs 80% IQR 20-101%; p<0.001), and AP (25% IQR 2-88% vs 85% IQR 70-98%; p<0.001) capacity compared to the HC average due to chronic activation in all three pathways. Both TCC and COMPL300 analyses during acute phase and remission showed a clear tendency, especially in PArf+ but only s.s. in the individual course. Remarkable sJIA patients neither in TCC nor in COMPL300 analyses showed complement activation. No evidence of CFH-autoantibodies was found in our study group. The TCC levels in SF showed a median of 2.48 IQR 1.71-2.76 AU/ml in JIA patients and surprisingly high levels in HC with 6.7 IQR 3.9-9.24 AU/ml. Conclusion: Specific subgroups of JIA patients (extOA, PARf+, ERA) showed increased CS activation in TCC in PB in the acute course of the disease. Furthermore, the decreased CS capacity, especially in the CP and AP, confirms the consumption of complement components as an additional contributor to the disease pathogenesis and acute course. Due to the CS activation throughout all disease activity states, we could not determine s.s. between the acute and remission phases in our cohort. However, COMPL300 in combination with TCC seems to be a helpful acute disease biomarker in the individual course. The pharmacological modulation of CS components might be a valid alternative approach in treatment resistant patients, although further investigations are needed.
Influence of the codon 72 polymorphism of the TP53 gene in the susceptibility of female cancers in Widou Thiengoly
Genetic factors have been implicated in the predisposition to cancer in Senegalese women. The arginine allele at codon 72 of exon 4 of the TP53 gene has been associated with a predisposition to several cancers in different populations. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of this polymorphism in a Senegalese population located in the locality of Widou Thiengoly. Two hundred and six (206) women living in Widou were recruited as well as thirty-two (32) control women, all assumed to be healthy. Genotyping of codon 72 of exon 4 of the TP53 gene was performed by Polymerase Chain Reaction and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) in 122 women. A significant association was found in the distribution of allelic and genotypic frequencies depending on the locality (p value: 5.6 x 10- 09; OR: 0.015; IC95: 3.5e-04-11e-02). However, no correlation was found between the risk factors (age, menopause, oral contraception, parity, gestational age, date of onset of first menstrual period, marital status) and the distribution of the allele frequency in the Widou locality. Due to the strong presence of the Arg allele in the Widou locality, a vast screening campaign for female cancers would be recommended.
Experimental Reconstruction of Critical Size Defects of Bone Tissue in the Maxillofacial Region When Using Modified Chitosan
Rationale: The authors of the article propose a biomaterial design based on highly deacetylated chitosan, which replaces extensive bone defects. In the work, a biomaterial was used included freeze-dried implants based on highly deacetylated and high molecular weight chitosan, containing natural polysaccharides and inorganic nano-structural hydroxyapatite by intervention in white laboratory rats. Objectives: The goal is achieved due to the fact that a gel mass containing 2% chitosan ascorbate with a molecular weight of 100-700 kDa and a degree of deacetylation of 95-98% is introduced into large cavities. Sub-periosteal implantation of a chitosan structure into bone defects, CT analysis, morphometric analysis of histological sections of a bone defect allow us to reveal high efficiency in the early stages of bone reconstruction. Findings: When using modified chitosan to fill extensive bone defects in the jawbone in animals, the process of defect replacement occurs after 4-5 weeks with the formation of a full-fledged new bone tissue compared to control animals. Morphological analysis of the bone defect on the 7th day after the intervention showed signs of cancellous bone tissue formation, two weeks later - a pronounced increase in bone tissue volume (P <0.01). In the group with modified chitosan implantation, the amount of connective tissue formation was significantly lower (P <0.05) compared to the control group. CT analysis showed that after 6 weeks after the intervention, the closure of the defect by 70-80% is recorded, after 8 weeks - complete 100% closure of the defect without disturbing the morphology of the bone with a high degree of mineralization. Conclusions: Thus, modified chitosan is capable of eliminating bone defects of a critical size in the maxillofacial region, detecting early signs of angiogenesis and new bone formation, and serving as a promising material in reconstructive dentistry.
Together we can begin fixing public health globally
It is irrefutable that most convenience and favored foods and beverages are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Government and private health agencies and organizations and cardiologists specifically, and clinicians in general, have failed and should be held liable for malpractice for pushing procedures and pills above longevity-lifestyle redirection for Maillard, alcohol, nicotine, and other drug abuse disorders. Particular lifestyle transitioning training for specific Maillard, alcohol, nicotine, fentanyl, and other drug misuse lifestyle transitioning programs have proven the most successful. And medical publishers and medical school deans to front-line medical clinicians and technicians are either unwilling or unable to conceptualize the basics of how lifestyle transitioning for substance misuse works. A must when trying to sell a joyous longevity lifestyle to themselves, their students, and their overweight residential and ambulatory guests. A detailed understanding of recovery lifestyle training programs is privy to a small number of experts globally, RL DuPont, NS Miller, and JA Cocores, for example. Specifics surrounding why Maillard foods are powerful opiate and dopaminergic agonists are clear to the author. Falsely arrested and silenced by the Florida Board of Medicine in February 2013 for putting lifestyle changes above the pharmaceutical industry and prescription cardiology and other pill-pushing by Hillary Clinton's Florida-based Drug Czar Dave Aronberg. The purpose of this article is to supply clinicians and healers with information surrounding why and how Maillard-coated favorite foods and beverages within each country behave like fentanyl and methamphetamine. And how to sell the unwanted proposition of helping unhappy browned-food compelled people slowly begin moving towards a joyous longevity lifestyle. These steps and much more should have been worldwide headlines over the past few decades. Instead, the world was distracted away from vital, joyous longevity lifestyle information by corporatocracies and autocratic governments posing as democracies that feed off their wealth and power. The world is perpetually distracted from what the average person is most concerned about by the so-called elite with a self-serving agenda. The elite-funded news of February 23, 2022, is no exception. Healers and everyday people need to begin fending for their joyous longevity lifestyle. These are the first baby steps and formulas to outlive the elites to once again form governments by and for the people.
Conditions For "Cold" Gas-Discharge Synthesis of Zinc Oxide And Silver Sulfide Nanostructures Under Automatic Assisting With Ultraviolet Radiation
The characteristics and parameters of the plasma of an overvoltage nanosecond discharge in oxygen, which was ignited between zinc electrodes in oxygen, are presented. Zinc vapors were introduced into the discharge due to microexplosions of natural inhomogeneities on the surfaces of zinc electrodes in a strong electric field. This creates the prerequisites for the synthesis of thin nanostructured zinc oxide films, which can be deposited on a rigid dielectric substrate placed near the electrode system. The results of a study of the optical characteristics of an overvoltage nanosecond discharge with a discharge gap of d=2mm are presented. The identification of the plasma radiation spectra made it possible to establish the main excited plasma products that form the plasma UV radiation spectrum and simultaneously act as a pulsed source of clusters and small particles of zinc oxide. The characteristics of an overvoltage nanosecond discharge in air between polycrystalline electrodes made of a supericonic conductor Ag2 S are presented. In the process of micro explosions of inhomogeneities on the working surfaces of electrodes in a strong electric field, vapors of the Ag2 S compound and its dissociation products in plasma are introduced into the interelectrode space. This creates prerequisites for the synthesis of thin structured films that have the properties of superionic conductors and can be deposited on a dielectric substrate placed near the discharge gap. The spatial, electrical, and spectral characteristics of the discharge, the Raman scattering spectra of the synthesized films, and the homogeneity of their surface are studied.
Paediatric Critical Care or Emergency Care: What Information Must A Good Strategy Contain?
This write up on critical care and emergency care of children: What must a good strategy contain? surrounds issues of what a critical care package should be even in resource poor settings. Paediatric critical care consists of identification of children at risk of dying or having adverse outcomes, and in need of intensive monitoring and provision of appropriate interventions. Emergency care is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as care for the acutely ill and injured delivered by frontline providers who manage medical, surgical, and obstetric emergencies, relying on early recognition and resuscitation. In developing countries, majority of mortalities occur due to infectious diseases which are treatable and have potential for full recovery if appropriate definitive care as well as intensive care is given to those who come critically ill. In Cameroon, maternal, child and adolescent related diseases account for 18.3% of the burden of disease and 14.4% of deaths. Some of these deaths could be prevented if there are adequate paeditric critical care facilities to handle the critically ill children. However, paediatric critical care services are largely unavailable in most developing countries 23. The objectives of this seminar are to describe the nursing strategies used in the critical and emergency care of children, outline parent’s expectations of the critical care/emergency care of their children by nurses and lastly to describe healthcare managers’ responsibilities in critical care/emergency care of children. It has been observed that nursing strategies include monitoring, assessment, vital sign monitoring, ventilatory management, medication administration, intravenous insertion and infusion, central line care, catheters care, maintenance of a running record of the patient’s status, performance of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and other lifesaving techniques. Parent’s expectations include guidance, reassurance and timely and comprehensive information on the progress and prognosis of critically ill children; open visitation policy and involvement in their child’s care 8, while healthcare managers’ responsibilities were found to be ensuring adequate skill and knowledge among emergency services providers, and availability of pediatric critical care medications, equipment, and supplies. The results can be used to implement good critical care strategies and hence better care outcomes.
Data analysis of the world’s coronavirus deaths and their locations was conducted from April 2020 through November 2021. The Worldometer Coronavirus was used exclusively for this analysis. It was decided to focus on deaths rather than cases as the deaths per case varied widely across the world from as low as 0.5% to as high as 10+%. Although it was expected that there would be variations in accounting from country to country, expectation was also that deaths were definitive. Although the actual death numbers were meaningful, what was far more important was the when, where, and why the deaths occurred in specific locations. The concept of locations initially was considered countries, but was altered to mean regions of the world as this analysis proceeded. What became apparent as this analysis continued was that the deadly coronavirus regions had common attributes of importance. The most important identified include (a) geography and topography, (b) population density and urban population, (c) seasonal meteorology meaning world tropical jet streams and temperature inversions created, (d) major sources of pollution emissions.
Ameliorating effects of cinnamon and curcumin on oxidative stress in lithium-pilocarpine induced status epilepticus model
The lithium-pilocarpine (Li-Pc) model of status epilepticus (SE) is most convenient and is frequently used for pathophysiological and management strategies in search of new, safe and effective therapeutic agents including the natural remedies for SE. Oral administration of cinnamon (CIN) and curcumin (CUR) can reduce neuroinflammation which is a common feature of neurodegenerative pathophysiological disorders. Although many studies on CUR effects on SE has been undertaken, to our best knowledge no study has been conducted on studying the effect of CIN on SE. The present study explores the neuroprotective effects of natural food products CUR and CIN on Li-Pc induced SE in rats. SE was induced in experimental rats using lithium – pilocarpine model. Besides control groups, the animals were also grouped as treatment groups which received CIN and CUR pre-treatment before induction of SE. Besides severity of the seizures, cognitive dysfunctions, oxidative stress parameters were also estimated in the forebrain tissue of all group of animals. Treatment with CIN and CUR significantly ameliorated the frequency and severity of epileptic seizures in a dose-dependent manner. The cognitive dysfunctions as well as the oxidative stress indices (enzymatic as well as non-enzymatic) were ameliorated significantly and dosedependently by CIN and CUR pre-treatment in the order CUR<CIN in all parameters. Possible therapeutic application of CIN and CUR as antiepileptic and as antioxidant for the treatment of SE has a great potential and warrants further studies.
Sources of Human’s Aggression, Violence, Antisocial and Addictive Behaviors
In the 21st century hunger, starvation and malnutrition is still a scourge of mankind. According to World Bank reports a rise of millions of people lacked year-round access to adequate food in 2020 compared to 2019. Malnutrition, poverty, lack of quality education and insufficient health care are causes and consequences of each other. Preconceptual, prenatal and early postnatal malnutrition have life-long negative consequences on human’s health and behavior via epigenetic processes that regulate gene expression providing short-term survival benefits but predispose to various pathological conditions in adulthood. Based on scientific research there is not any doubt that early epigenetic changes play a major role in the development of excessive aggression, violence, antisocial and addictive behaviors. A body of evidence shows that clinical pictures like oppositional defiant disorders (ODD), conduct disorders (CD) and antisocial personality disorders (APD) have a neurodevelopmental origin based on epigenetic changes of gene expression. It is suggested that only early intensive therapeutic interventions focusing on autonomy, sense of competence and social connectedness in an individualistic, systemic and tightly structured positive and safe environment including healthy lifestyle and nutrition could prevent the progression of ODD into CD and eventually into APD. Quality nutrition, quality education and adequate health care for every human, starting at the very first days of life, are claimed to be unconditional premises to transform humanity into a peaceful species able to deal with the future challenges and dangers of life on planet earth.
Recent Advances in using the Quartz Crystal Microbalance to Analyze the Binding of Drug Ligands to Serum Albumin Proteins